1. What is nutrition?
2. What is food?
3. What is nutrients?
4. What is the nature of nutrients?
5. What is the organic component of nutrients?
6. What is the inorganic component of nutrients?
7. What is the purpose of digestion?
8. What is buccal vestibule?
9. What is buccal cavity?
10. Anterior part of palate is called what palate?
11. Which part of palate bears transverse ridge?
12. What is the name of the transverse ridge?
13. Tongue is attached to the floor of mouth using what?
14. What is the shape of sulcus terminalis?
15. Sulcus terminalis divides tongue into which two part?
16. What is foramen caecum?
17. Which part of tooth project above the gum?
18. Which part of tooth is embedded in the bone?
19. Dentine forming cells are called what?
20. Enamel forming cells are called what?
21. Pharynx is divided into how many part and what are their names?
22. What is waldeyer's ring?
23. Pharyngeal tonsil is attached to what?
24. Tonsil attached to palate are called what tonsil?
25. Linguals tonsil is attached to what?
26. Oesophagus is how much long?
27. What is the position of oesophagus with respect to trachea and heart?
28. What are the three parts of oesophagus?
29. What is the widest organ of alimentary canal?
30. The lesser curvature of stomach lies on what portion of stomach ?
31. what attaches stomach to posterior abdominal wall ?
32. Gastro oesophagus sphincter opens at which part of stomach ?
33. Fundus part of stomach is filled with what ?
34. what is the main part of stomac?
35. what is the posterior part of stomach ?
36. Pyloric part is divided into which parts?
37. Which part of pyloric opens into duodenum?
38. What is the chemical nature of castle intrinsic factor ?
39. Gastrin is a hormone secreted by which part of alimentary canal?
40. What are the element absorbed by stomach wall?
41. Why small intestine is called small?
42. Length of small intestine is related with height of individual or width?
43. What is the longest part of alimentary canal?
44. What are the three part of small intestine?
45. What is the shortest and widest part of small intestine?
46. Which is the c shaped part of small intestine?
47. What is another name of hepato pancreatic ampulla?
48. Iron is mainly absorbed in which part of alimentary canal?
49. Long coiled middle part of small intestine is called what?
50. Which part of alimentary canal is suspended by mesentery?
51. Small nodules of lymphatic tissu can be seen in which part of alimentary canal?
52. What are peyer's patches?
53. Peyer's patches can be seen in which part of alimentary canal?
54. Peyer's patches produce which type of WBC?
55. Villi are finger like projection of which layer of alimentary canal?
56. Are villi present on peyer's patches?
57. Lymph capillary of villi are called what?
58. Circular fold of small intestine are called what?
59. Theses fold are more prominent in which part of small intestine?
60. What is the function of small intestine?
61. What are the hormones secreted by small intestine?
62. What are the three part of large intestine?
63. What the out growth of caecum is called?
64. Inflammation of appendix is called what?
65. In which type of animal caecum is well developed?
66. What are the four type of colon?
67. Now a days pelvic colon is named as what colon?
68. What is the shortest part of colon?
69. Colon have how many longitudinal bands?
70. The longitudinal bands of colon are called what?
71. What are haustra?
72. Which part of alimentary canal terminates into anal canal?
73. The opening of anal canal is called what?
74. Internal anal sphincter is voluntary of involuntary?
75. What is haemorrhoids?
76. Moderate quantity of which vitamins are manufactured by bacterias of large intestine?
77. The wall of alimentary canal consist of how many layers?
78. What are those layers from out side to inside?
79. What is another name for visceral peritoneum?
80. What are main components of serosa?
81. Oesophagus lies outside the coelom of inside the coelom?
82. Why oesophagus outer layer is not covered by serosa layer?
83. What is adventitia externa?
84. Longitudinal layer of muscle is outer or inner?
85. additional layer of oblique muscle is found in which part of alimentary canal?
86. Submucosa is consist of which type of tissu?
87. What are meissner's plexus?
88. What is the position of meissner's plexus?
89. What is the work of meissner's plexus?
90. What is the inner most lining of gastro intestinal tract?
91. Why mucosa is named as mucosa?
92. Rugae of stomach is formed by which layer of gastro intestinal tract?
93. Muscularis mucosa longitudinal muscle out side or inner side?
94. What the middle layer of mucosa is called?
95. Lamina propria is consist of what kind of tissu?
96. Lymphoid tissu situated at lamina propria is called what?
97. Malt is found at which part of alimentary canal?
98. Meissner's plexus is absent at which part of oesophagus?
99. There are how many pairs of salivary gland in human?
100. What are the largest salivary gland in human?
101. What is the position of parotid?
102. Where the duct of parotid gland opens?
103. What is the name of duct of parotid salivary gland?
104. What is the name of smallest salivary gland?
105. What is the another name of submandibular gland?
106. What is the position of submandibular gland?
107. What is the name of the duct of submandibular gland?
108. Mumps is caused by which type of pathogen?
109. In mumps which salivary gland is affected?
110. What is the pH of saliva?
111. What is the amount of saliva secreted per day?
112. What are the electrolytes present in saliva?
113. From what saliva is derived?
114. What is serous fluid?
115. What is another name of salivary amylase?
116. Gastric gland are microscopic or macroscopic?
117. What are the three major type of cells is gastric gland?
118. What is another name of chief cell?
119. What is the location of chief cell?
120. What are the zymogens?
121. Give some example of zymogens?
122. Why the action of gastric amylase is inhibited?
123. In what phase of life of a mammal Prorennin is secreted?
124. What is another name for oxyntic cell?
125. Why oxyntic cells are called oxyntic cells?
126. Why oxyntic cells are called parietal cells?
127. What the oxyntic cells secrete?
128. What is the work of castle intrinsic factor?
129. What is the position of mucos cells?
130. What mucus cells secrete?
131. What is the pH of gastric juice?
132. What is the pH of gastric juice of infant?
133. What is the amount of gastric juice secreted per day?
134. What are the pro enzyme persent in gastric juice?
135. How many types of cells are present in epithelium of gastric gland?
136. What is the position of endocrine cells of gastric gland?
137. What are the two types of cells present in endocrine part of gastric gland?
138. What is the work of argentaffin cells?
139. What is the precursor of serotonin?
140. What is the position of gastric cells?
141. What is secreted by gastric cells?
142. What is the work of serotonin?
143. What is the work of somatostatin?
144. What is the work of histamine?
145. What is the work of gastrin?
146. What is the work of stem cells?
147. What is the largest gland of our body?
148. What is the position of liver with respect to abdominal cavity?
149. Liver is heavier in males or females?
150. Liver is divided into how many lobes?
151. What is the name of the ligament which separates two lobes of liver?
152. What is the two division of right lobe of liver?
153. What is the structural and functional unit of liver?
154. What is the covering of hepatic lobules?
155. In hepatic lobules hepatic cells are present in which manner?
156. Glisson's capsule is characteristic feature of liver of which group?
157. What is work of kupffee cells?
158. Which cells secrete bile?
159. Where bile first enters?
160. From bile canaliculi where the bile enters?
161. What cells lined the hering's canal?
162. Where hering's canal pour bile?
163. What cells present in wall of inter lobular bile duct?
164. How gall bladder looks like?
165. Gall bladder is attached to which surface of liver?
166. With what gall bladder is attached to the liver?
167. What gall bladder do?
168. Which animals do not have gall bladder?
169. Right and left hepatic duct joined to form which duct?
170. Common hepatic duct joined which duct?
171. Common hepatic duct and cystic duct joined to form which duct?
172. Bile duct and pancreatic duct joins to form which duct?
173. Hepatopancreatic ampulla opens into which part of alimentary canal?
174. Which sphincter guards ampulla of Vater?
175. Which sphincter guards the opening of the bike duct before it joins the pancreatic duct?
176. Blood enters the liver from his many sources?
177. Liver gets oxygenated blood from which source?
178. Liver gets deoxygenated blood from which source?
179. Blood in hepatic artery comes from where?
180. Blood from hepatic vein comes from where?
181. Blood from spleen to the liver comes through which portal system?
182. Liver's regeneration power is high or low?
183. What is the pH of hepatic bile?
184. Where does the bile get stored what is the pH of bile in gall bladder?
185. Pet day how much bike is secreted?
186. What are the bile salts?
187. How bile salts help in digestion?
188. What is emulsification?
189. What is the usual flow of bile?
190. What is deamination?
191. Where does deamination and urea formation takes place?
192. Liver forms urea with the help of which two substance?
193. Which part of the bile is an excretory product?
194. What are the bike pigments?
195. What are the excretory products eliminated by liver?
196. How liver helps in excretion?
197. What is glycogenesis, glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis?
198. What is detoxification?
199. Give an example of detoxification performed by liver?
200. What is haemopoiesis?
201. In which stage of life liver performs haemopoiesis?
202. Liver secrets which blood protein?
203. Name a anticoagulant secreted by liver?
204. Does lymph formation takes place in liver?
205. From which component liver forms vitamin A?
206. After breaking down old worn out RBC liver converts their haemoglobin into which substances?
207. Which cells of liver engulf the disease causing micro organism, dead cells etc?
208. Which organ produce angiotensinogen?
209. What are the elements which are stored in liver what is the appearance of pancreas?
210. What is the position of pancreas with respect to stomach?
211. External structure of pancreas consist of which parts?
212. Among the extremety structure which part of pancreas lies in the curve of duodenum?
213. What is the name of main pancreatic duct?
214. The main pancreatic duct is called which duct?
215. How the main pancreatic duct is formed?
216. Where does the main pancreatic duct opens?
217. What is another name for hepatopancreatic ampulla?
218. What is the name of accessory pancreatic duct?
219. Accessory pancreatic duct opens directly into which portion of alimentary canal rounded lobules of exocrine pancreas are called what?
220. Pancreatic juice is secreted by which part of pancreas?
221. About how much pancreatic juice of secreted per day?
222. Pancreatic juice is carried by which duct?
223. What are the components of pancreatic juice?
224. What are the three Proenzyme present in pancreatic juice?
225. Pancreatic juice helps in digestion of which components of food?
226. Endocrine pancreas consist of which cells?
227. Human pancreas have how many islets?
228. Islets are more numerous in which part of pancreas?
229. Alpha cells of islets are more numerous at which portion of pancreas?
230. Alpha cells produce which hormone?
231. What does glucagon do?
232. Which hormone is called diabetogenic hormone?
233. What is the position of beta cells?
234. Insulin is secreted by which portion of pancreas?
235. What is the work of insulin?
236. Deficiency of insulin caused which disease?
237. Delta cells of islets secrets which hormone?
238. What is the work of somatostatin secreted by delta cells of pancreas?
239. What is another source of somatostatin?
240. What does it do there?
241. What is the work of pancreatic polypeptide cells?
242. Crypts of Lieberkuhn are occurred between which structures?
243. What crypts of Lieberkuhn secrets?
244. Which cells secreted water and electrolytes?
245. Which cells are present at the base of the crypts?
246. Paneth cells are found at which part of small intestine?
247. What does paneth cells do?
248. Paneth cells contains which metal?
249. What does argentaffin cells do?
250. Brunner's are found in which part of alimentary canal?
251. Brunner's gland is found in which tissue layer of alimentary canal?
252. What does brunner's gland secrets?
253. Digestion of most of the nutrients takes place in which part of alimentary canal?
254. How brunner's gland and crypts of Lieberkuhn are related?
255. What does the secretion of intestinal gland are called?
256. What is the pH of succus entericus?
257. What are the enzymes present in succus entericus?
258. What are some human accessory digestive organ?
259. Which organs takes part in mechanical digestion?
260. About how much starch is hydrolysed in buccal cavity?
261. Which antibacterial enzyme is present in saliva?
262. Which component of saliva neutralise acids in food?
263. Which antimicrobial agent is present in saliva?
264. What does tongue do?
265. Where does the swallowing center lies?
266. Peristalsis precedes by which kind of muscle movements?
267. In which part of alimentary canal there is least peristaltic movement?
268. Does any digestion takes place in oesophagus and pharynx?
269. For how much time stomach stores food?
270. Gastric gland of stomach secrets which juice?
271. What are the components of gastric juice?
272. Why pH of stomach is extremely low?
273. What is the work of pH in gastric juice?
274. What autocatalytic reaction takes place in stomach?
275. Pepsin and rennin are absent in which type of animal?
276. What is chyme?
277. What are peptones?
278. What are proteose?
279. What are peptides?
280. Pepsin converts protein into what?
281. Rennin converts casein into what?
282. How curd is formed from milk protein?
283. How peptones are formed from curd?
284. Gastric lipases breaks down fats into what?
285. What are the secretions released in the small intestine?
286. Does bile contains enzymes?
287. What is the work of bile?
288. Which component of bile neutralises HCl of gastric fluid?
289. What are the proenzymes present in gastric fluid?
290. What are the enzymes present in gastric fluid?
291. How the prop enzymes get activated?
292. What are dipeptides?
293. Proteins are converted into which material?
294. Polysaccharides are converted into what by pancreatic juice?
295. Nucleic acid are converted into what by pancreatic juice?
296. What is the principal enzymes for digestion of fat ?
297. What are the enzymes of intestinal juice?
298. Final process of digestion occurs near which layer of gut?
299. What is chyle?
300. What is the work of large intestine?
301. What does e coli produce for us?
302. Which thing prevent back flow of matter from caecum to smell intestine?
303. Where does the in digested for l food get stored temporarily?
304. How the activity of gastric intestinal tract is regulated?
305. What are the factors that can stimulate the secretions of saliva?
306. What is the role of neural control over the muscular movement of gastrointestinal tract?
307. What are the hormones secreted by gastrointestinal tract?
308. What is the source and target organ of gastrin?
309. What is the work of gastrin?
310. What is the source and target organ of gastric inhibitory peptide?
311. What is the work of GIP?
312. What is the source and target organ of sectetin, cholecystokinin, duocrinin,enterocrinin, vasoactive intestinal peptide,villikinin?
313. Which hormones contacts the gall bladder to release bile?
314. Which hormones stimulates Brunner's gland to release mucus and enzymes?
315. Which hormones stimulates crypts of Lieberkuhn?
316. Which hormones dilates peripheral blood vessel and inhibit gastric acid secretion?
317. What does villikinin do?
318. What is gross calorific value and what of physiological calorific value?
319. What is gross calorific value for carbohydrate protein and fat?
320. What is physiological calorific value for these?
321. Maximum absorption takes place in what part of alimentary canal?
322. What are the four major process for absorption?
323. Which are the things that are absorbed by active transport?
324. Which are the things that are absorbed by simple diffusion?
325. Which component of food is absorbed by facilitated diffusion?
326. What is the most rapidly transported monosaccharide?
327. How does water of is absorbed?
328. Which type of vitamins are absorbed by simple diffusion?
329. What are some water soluble vitamins?
330. What does reabsorption of vitamin B12 requires?
331. What are micelles?
332. How micelles are formed?
333. What is the fate of micelles?
334. In intestinal cells where does micelles get reformed?
335. What are chylomicrons?
336. What is the fate of chylomicrons?
337. What are lacteals?
338. Fatty acids, glycerol and vitamins are absorbed at which part of small intestine?
339. In mouth what is absorbed?
340. What is absorbed in stomach?
341. In large intestine absorption of what takes place?
342. What if assimilation?
343. What are chief energy yeilding nutrients?
344. What are chief body building nutrient?
345. What are hereditary substances?
346. What is egestion?
347. Egestion is voluntary or involuntary?
348. Epithelial cells of colon excretes what ions?
349. Does infants have voluntary control over egestion?
350. What are the causes of inflammation of intestinal tract?
351. What is the reason of yellow coloration in jaundice?
352. What are the three type of jaundice?
353. What is the causes is prehepatic jaundice?
354. What is the causes of hepatic jaundice?
355. What is the causes of extrahepatic jaundice?
356. What is neonatal jaundice?
357. How the neonatal jaundice is treated?
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